OSIRIX WINDOWS ECOCARDIOGRAPHY KEYGEN
Thus, the correlation between echocardiographic measurements and prognosis has been evaluated in dogs. Although studies have identified limitations of echocardiography when compared to multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in human medicine, echocardiography plays a major role in daily veterinary practice because it can be easily performed and does not require general anesthesia. Keywords: Contrast echocardiography, left ventricular measurements, cardiac computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography, dogsĮchocardiography is a common and standard method for evaluating cardiac function in dogs with various heart diseases. In conclusion, CE is more accurate and reproducible than UE in assessing 2D LV measurements and can overcome the limitations of UE including LV foreshortening and high observer dependency. Inter-observer agreement was highest for MDCT and higher for CE than UE. In CE, the correlation coefficients of 4 major parameters ( r = 0.87 in LVIDd 0.91 in LVIDs 0.87 in LVLd and 0.81 in LVLs) showed higher values compared to the UE ( r = 0.68 in LVIDd, 0.71 in LVIDs, 0.69 in LVLd, and 0.35 in LVLs). Among automatically calculated parameters, LV end-systolic volume and the relative wall thickness were significantly different between UE and CE.
Regardless of the cardiac cycle, LV longitudinal (LVLd and LVLs) and transverse diameter (LVTDd and LVTDs) measurements were significantly different with CE and approximated values from MDCT. Measurements of LV internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were significantly larger with CE compared UE. Measurements obtained using CE, including LV wall thickness, internal diameter, and longitudinal and transverse length, were significantly greater than those obtained using UE. Seven healthy beagle dogs were evaluated in this study. Contrast echocardiography (CE) was used to compare two-dimensional (2D) LV measurements made using UE and 256-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) as a reference standard. Unenhanced echocardiography (UE), commonly used in veterinary practice, is limited by left ventricular (LV) foreshortening and observer dependency.
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